SOURCES OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSUREĤ. IDENTITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANALYTICAL METHODSĢ.1 Identity and physical and chemical propertiesģ. CONTENTSĮNVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR FLUORIDESġ.1 Identity, physical and chemical properties and analytical methodsġ.2 Sources of human and environmental exposureġ.3 Environmental transport, distribution and transformationġ.4 Environmental levels and human exposureġ.5 Kinetics and metabolism in humans and laboratory animalsġ.6 Effects on laboratory mammals and in vitro test systemsġ.8 Effects on other organisms in the laboratory and fieldġ.9 Evaluation of human health risks and effects on the environmentĢ. The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany, provided financial support for, and undertook the printing of this publication. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Dataġ.Fluorides - adverse effects 2.Environmental exposure 3.Occupational exposureĤ.Risk assessment I.International Programme for Chemical Safety II.Series The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 by UNEP, ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, WHO, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Participating Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase coordination in the field of chemical safety. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals.
Malcolm, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom Gomes, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada and Mr P. This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization or the World Health Organization.įirst draft prepared by Dr R.
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